Paper chemicals
Sizing or size is any one of numerous substances that are applied to, or incorporated into, other materials especially papers to act as a protective filler or glaze. Sizing is used in papermaking and
manufacturing to change the absorption and wear characteristics of those materials.
Surface sizing agents are commonly used to provide water-resistance (prevent the paper from blurring with water or ink) and printability (offset, inkjet) to a paper by surface application.
These agents are applied to a wide variety of paper/paperboard (fine paper, newspaper, ink-jet printing paper, liner board, and so on)
This is also called internal dyeing and is the most widely used paper dyeing process. Because of clean working conditions and the most efficient usage, the dyes are now mostly added continuously and fully automatically into the stock flow. More seldomly the dyes are metered batch-wise in the pulper or mixing chest.
The choice of dye and the fixing and dyeing conditions largely depend on the raw materials used in papermaking (recycled fibers, stone groundwood, unbleached or bleached chemical pulp, type and portion of filler) and onit's preparation process e. g. a higher degree of beating of the pulp results in a deeper coloring. Fillers increase the required amount of dyes because they absorb dyes and, at the same time, reduce the coloration owing to their covering power and brightness. Fillers also lead to an increase in the two-sidedness of the paper sheet
Natural chemical additives have played an important role at the raw material preparation stage since the earliest beginnings of handmade papermaking more than two thousand years ago. Up until the end of the eighteenth century, chemical additives from natural resources were used to increase paper strength, to generate better writing and printing characteristics, to enhance its brightness, and to color it. With the invention of the paper machine, chemicals began to contribute to industrial papermaking processes. It was only when newly developed bleaching chemicals came to use that wood pulp as a new source of raw material could be exploited to the full. The chemical additives assisted automation and productivity of the papermaking process well as the enhancement of paper quality and thus contributed to a large degree to the growth of the paper industry in the first half of the twentieth century.